Urugero rw'umushinga wo gutunganya amazi yanduye akoreshwa mu gutunganya ibiribwa

I. Amashusho y'umushinga
Uruganda ruciriritse rutunganya ibiribwa rwibanda ku gutunganya ibiribwa bikaranze n'inyama, kandi rukora amazi menshi yanduye mu buryo bwo gukora, arimo imyanda nk'ibisigazwa by'ibiribwa, amavuta y'inyamaswa n'ibimera na poroteyine. Ubwiza bw'amazi yanduye burahindagurika cyane, ingano y'amavuta iba iri hejuru, kandi amazi yavuye mu mazi byoroshye gutuma imiyoboro ifunga kandi amazi agasenyuka. Dukurikije uko urwego rw'umusaruro rubigaragaza, amazi yanduye ashobora kuvamo 2.5m³/h. Kugira ngo huzuzwe ibisabwa mu kurengera ibidukikije kandi hagerwe ku iterambere rirambye, ibigo bigomba kubaka uburyo bwo gutunganya amazi yanduye neza kandi buhamye bufite aho buhuriye kugira ngo hamenyekane ko imyanda igera ku rwego rwo hejuru kandi igabanuke uburyo bwo kuyajugunyamo.

Ii. Ibintu by'ingenzi bibabaza abakiriya
Ingano nyinshi y'amavuta iragoye guhangana nayo: Ingano y'amavuta mu mazi yanduye ni ≥80mg/L, kandi uburyo busanzwe bwo kuyatunganya buratuma amavuta ya emulsified acika intege, ibyo bikaba byoroshye gutuma ibice bishya bihita bifungwa, ubushobozi buke, ndetse n'amafaranga menshi yo kuyabungabunga.

Ubushobozi bwo gutunganya ibikoresho by’umwimerere ntibuhagije: ibikoresho byoroshye bihari ntibishobora gukwirana n’ibikenewe mu gusohora amazi bya 2.5m³/h, kandi ubwiza bw’amazi y’imyanda burahindagurika cyane, bigatuma habaho ibyago byo kurenga urugero rwo kurengera ibidukikije.

Imbogamizi ebyiri ku hantu ho guta imyanda no kuyijugunya: uruganda rufite ubuso buto, rusaba uburyo bwo kuyitunganya buciriritse kandi bunoze, kandi rukemura ikibazo cyo guta imyanda kugira ngo hirindwe umwanda uterwa n’ibindi.

3. Ibisubizo byihariye
Dukurikije imiterere y'amazi yanduye menshi n'ibyo abakiriya bakeneye, hateguwe uburyo bwo kuvura buhuriweho bwo "kuvura mbere y'uko amazi asohoka + kuvura amazi avanze + kuyungurura umuvuduko wa diaphragm no kuyakuraho amazi", kandi uburyo bwo gupima no gukuramo amazi mu mavuta muri farumasi biranozwa kugira ngo bikureho amavuta neza kandi bikore neza.

1. Urugendo rw'ibikorwa

Mu cyiciro cyo gutunganya mbere y’uko amazi avurwa, amazi yanduye abanza kunyura mu muyoboro w’amashanyarazi kugira ngo akureho uduce duto tw’ibisigazwa by’ibiribwa, hanyuma akinjira mu mutego w’amavuta yo guterura, hanyuma ihame ryo gutandukanya imbaraga z’uburemere rigakoreshwa mu gukuraho umuyoboro w’amavuta (igipimo cyo gukuraho ≥60%), ibyo bikaba bigabanya cyane umutwaro wo gutunganya nyuma.

Icyiciro cyo gufunga no gufunga: Nyuma yo gusukura, amazi yanduye yinjira mu kigega cy’ingufu zo gufunga, hanyuma PAC (polyaluminum chloride) na PAM (polyacrylamide) byongerwamo binyuze mu ipompo ipima neza. PAC isenya imiterere ya emulsion y’amavuta, PAM itera imbaraga zo gufungana kw’amavuta, igakora flocs irimo amavuta byoroshye kuyacukura, kandi itandukanya neza amavuta, amazi n’ibintu bikomeye mu byiciro bitatu.

Itandukaniro ry’amazi akomeye n’icyiciro cyo kuyakuramo: nyuma yo kuyapfundika, amazi mabi anyura mu kigega cyo kuyakuramo kugira ngo avanemo ibyondo n’amazi, hanyuma amazi asohorwa ku rugero rusanzwe. Amavuta y’amavuta ari hasi ashyirwa mu cyuma gikurura diyaphragm, kandi ubushuhe bw’amazi bugabanuka bukagera munsi ya 60% bitewe no gusohora diyaphragm ifite umuvuduko mwinshi no kuyakuramo amazi, bigatuma habaho ifu ikomeye yo gutwara no kuyajugunya hanze. Iyungurura ry’icyuma gishyushya risubizwa mu cyuma gikorerwamo mbere yo kuyatunganya kugira ngo amazi mabi akomeze gukoreshwa mu buryo bwose.

2. Ibikoresho by'ingenzi n'ibipimo by'imikorere

Igice cy’ibanze cy’uburyo bwo gutunganya ibintu gikoresha igikoresho cy’ingufu zo gusukura ibintu gifite ubushobozi bwo gutunganya bwa 2.5m³/h, hamwe n’icyuma gicapura diaphragm filter cya 30㎡.

Igipimo cya PAC: 50-80mg /L, igipimo cya PAM: 3-5mg /L, hakurikijwe ihinduka ry’ubwiza bw’amazi mu gihe nyacyo, kugira ngo habeho ingaruka nziza zo kuvurwa;

Iyi sisitemu ifite uburyo bwo kugenzura bukoresha ubwenge kugira ngo ikore neza mu buryo bwikora, ikoreshwa mu gupima farumasi, gukuraho amazi n'ibindi bijyana n'amazi, kandi igabanye ubukana bw'imikorere y'intoki.

Iv. Ingaruka zo gushyira mu bikorwa umushinga
Ubwiza bw'imyanda buhora buhamye kandi buri ku rwego rwo hejuru: nyuma y'uko sisitemu itangiye gukora, ingano y'amavuta y'imyanda igabanuka ikagera munsi ya 5mg/L, kandi ibindi bipimo bihuye n'ibipimo ngenderwaho by'imyanda yo mu gace iherereyemo;

Ingaruka zo kugabanya imyanda ni nziza cyane: akamashini gakoresha icyuma gishyushya imyanda gatuma amazi agabanuka kugeza munsi ya 60%, kandi ingano y'imyanda igabanukaho hafi 70%, ibi bikaba bigabanya cyane ikiguzi cyo kuyijugunya;

Gukoresha no kubungabunga byoroshye: igishushanyo mbonera gihuriweho gikubiyemo agace gato, urwego rwo hejuru rw'imikorere y'ikoranabuhanga, akazi gake ko kubungabunga buri munsi, imikorere ihamye kandi yizewe y'igihe kirekire.

V. Incamake y'urubanza
Binyuze mu buryo bwihariye bwo kuvura mbere yo gukoresha imiti, gupima amazi akoreshwa mu gufungana no gukura amazi mu buryo bukabije, iki kibazo gikemura neza ingorane zo gutunganya amazi yanduye menshi mu bigo bitunganya ibiribwa. Ubu buryo bufite imikorere myiza, buhamye kandi buto, butuma amazi yanduye agera ku rugero rwiza gusa, ahubwo bunagabanya kandi bugatuma imyanda itemba, bugaha abakiriya ibisubizo by’ubukungu n’ibikenewe byo kurengera ibidukikije.